Measurement of the Ocean Economy From National Income Accounts to the Sustainable Blue Economy

Measurement of the Ocean Economy From National Income Accounts to the Sustainable Blue Economy

Charles S. Corgan

https://doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1061

Retrieved from: JOCE CBE MIIS

The blue economy serves as a unifying term for the expanding industrialization of the oceans, the growth of new maritime technologies, and the ecological constraints governing marine resource use. Achieving a sustainable ocean economy requires balancing economic activity with the long-term resilience of ecosystems, a goal that depends fundamentally on consistent measurement systems. Three critical components define these systems: market-based contributions to national income, the value of environmental and natural resource assets, and the services provided to populations by marine and coastal ecosystems.

The objectives of efforts to regularly measure ocean economic values focus on placing ocean-related issues on a comparable footing with other economic sectors in policy discussions. Explicit monetary measurements facilitate public and private decisions regarding investment, macroeconomic management, and the assessment of social costs and benefits for non-market resources. To be effective, these systems must create actionable information for decision-makers, distinguish between diverse national geographic contexts, and adhere to principles of theoretical consistency and additivity over time and space.

Determining the oceans in national income accounts: definitions, compatibility, and international measurements involves identifying specific industries as “core” or “emerging” within varied taxonomic systems. Core ocean industries typically include marine fisheries, offshore oil and gas, shipbuilding, and coastal tourism, which are found in the majority of national taxonomies. Achieving international comparability requires addressing challenges such as industry aggregation, the separation of “ocean partials” where activities have both marine and land-based components, and the protection of data confidentiality through imputation methods.

Measuring the sustainable blue economy: environmental and ecological variation extends standard national income frameworks by incorporating the U.N. System of Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) and Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (EEA). The SEEA framework introduces physical accounts of environmental assets and links them to economic transactions, allowing for the measurement of resource depletion and the calculation of Net Ocean Product. Meanwhile, ecosystem services are categorized into provisioning, regulating, and cultural services, though their valuation remains complex due to the need for spatial modeling and the distinction between exchange values and consumer surplus.

Charting a course to the blue economy depends on integrating three building blocks: standard national income accounts, environmental-economic accounts for extractive resources, and ecosystem services accounts. A coordinated action plan involves refining industrial definitions, establishing metadata standards for geography and valuation, and utilizing discrete policy or conservation projects as platforms for data collection. Building the technical capacity for these measurements, particularly in low-income countries, is essential for a globally comprehensive understanding of the ocean’s contribution to sustainable wealth.

5 Mei 27 Mei 28 April 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 April 2023 Dokumen Dokumen Kinerja Dokumen Perencanaan Februari 2024 Februari 2025 Inspektorat Daerah Januari 2024 Kecamatan Kementerian Dalam Negeri Kinerja Laporan Hasil Evaluasi Laporan Hasil Evaluasi AKIP Laporan Hasil Evaluasi AKIP Tahun 2022 Laporan Hasil Evaluasi AKIP Tahun 2023 Laporan Hasil Evaluasi AKIP Tahun 2024 Maret 2025 Mei 2024 Mei 2025 Music Music Album Musrenbang Musrenbang Kecamatan Musrenbang RKPD Musrenbang RKPD Tahun 2025 Peraturan Bupati Pirate Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Daerah Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah RKPD Tahun 2025 RKPD Tahun 2026 RPJMD Tahun 2025-2029 SAKIP SAKIP Tahun 2024 Sekretariat Daerah Surat Edaran